The original parts is the reason 77
Dorsal patterns off P. lansbergii lies generally regarding sets away from square blotches that are generally build at the same time, at every section of the spinal range. Coloration pattern and body hue are different somewhat one of anybody (Fig. 3), not clear differences in color have been observed one of people from eastern, central, otherwise west Panama. 09, p = 0.76), or certainly one of countries (F2,22 = 0.96, p = 0.39). Intersupraoculars, canthals, plus the number of dorsal scale rows showed a reduced type in our P. lansbergii attempt.
An effective PCA did more meristic emails greet partial discrimination certainly one of particular hog-nosed gap-viper kinds (Fig. 4A). 9% of your difference and you will mostly differentiated around three communities: P. ophryomegas, P. nasutum/P. porrasi, and P. lansbergii/P. volcanicum . So it parts try coordinated with ventral scale count (r = 0.92), and less firmly with amount of subcaudals (roentgen = 0.24), and also the quantity of blotches (roentgen = 0.28). The second component is accounts for 15.9% of your own variation which is primarily explained because of the number of blotches (roentgen = 0.91), separating P. lansbergii from other kinds. No discrimination anywhere between P nasutum and you will P. porrasi
is actually you can easily from this study set; and P. volcanicum shares qualities having P. ophrymegas and P. lansbergii (Fig. 4A). The PCA results for P. lansbergii out-of Panama (Fig. 4B) taken into account 77% of the full difference into the first couple of section, indicating a relatively higher morphological overlapping among specimens from the three places learned.
All of our phylogenetic analyses recovered a limited phylogeny out of Porthidium that is in keeping with past reconstructions from hog-nosed pit-viper phylogenies (Fig. 5). Briefly, an early divergence provides several fundamental groups, you to also P. dunni and you can P. ophryomegas , plus the almost every other comes with P. yucatanicum as the brother taxon away from a great clade including P. nasutum/P. porrasi and you will P. lansbergii . Next, P. lansbergii constitutes a good monophyletic category complete with each other western, central and you can east Panama specimens, plus the private out of Venezuela. Therefore, the newest secretive western Panama specimens is recognized as people in which kinds.
Campbell and you will Los angeles) given several suggestions off P. lansbergii for the Panama included in their claim that it absolutely was restricted to the fresh new main and you can eastern half of the world. Beam and Knight (2013) thought brand new shipment of P. lansbergii in the Pacific slope regarding Panama, but localities otherwise information were not given. All of our detailed literature lookup retrieved ideas, excluded when you look at the past feedback, from the types about western Pacific mountain of Panama. Such as, Dunn (1949) mentioned specimens referred to as Bothrops (= Porthidium ) lansbergii compiled inside the localities when you look at the Cocle-Herrera region. Has just, the new types is stated of the ) when you look at the ‘Este Montuoso’ Tree Put aside regarding Herrera state and by Monteza-Moreno, C. M. (pers. obs., 2017) throughout the area away from Mariato, Veraguas State. Additionally, museum records and you will the brand new choices of
anybody show that it variety live in about provinces out-of Chiriqui and you may Veraguas. The newest shipments of one’s moderate P. lansbergii for the All the way down Central America gets to the newest west Pacific away from Panama (Fig. 1). Hence, as our very own facts lie nearby the edging out-of Costa Rica, the varieties might exists around.
Just how many human anatomy blotches varied of fifteen to 34 (Desk 2), but zero distinctions have been seen in this adjustable between sexes (F1,twenty-two = 0
Even after putative differences in coloration models, we can not distinguish enigmatic individuals from those individuals defined as P. lansbergii out of main and eastern Panama located in scutellation. On top of that, our very own phylogenetic data clearly supports new monophyly out-of P. lansbergii off Panama, and does not give people proof to the life regarding multiple lineages for the moderate variety contained in this nation. However, the dataset does not include 
specimens from the entire shipments assortment of P. lansbergii therefore the simple fact that the variety changes their delivery out-of brand new Pacific hills into the Panama to the Atlantic inside Colombia upwards to Venezuela was intriguing and is deserving of after that analysis.